October is National Bullying Prevention Month, a time to promote kindness, acceptance and inclusion. It’s also a month when we focus on bullying prevention.
It’s hard to believe that bullying was once considered just a rite of passage. Now we know better—bullying can have long-lasting effects on the bully and the bully’s target. According to Stopbullying.gov, “Bullying is defined as unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children. It involves a real or perceived power imbalance and the behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated over time.”
Bullying can take many forms. Direct bullying includes physical behaviors like hitting, punching or kicking and verbal behaviors like taunting, name-calling and making threats. Indirect bullying includes relational behaviors such as excluding and spreading rumors. Cyberbullying—any bullying taking place via electronic media—can be considered direct or indirect bullying.
Sadly, children with disabilities are two to three times more likely to be bullied than their non-disabled peers. The impacts of bullying can be devastating. According to Stopbullying.gov, bullying can cause psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sadness and loneliness; disturbed sleep and eating; poor school performance and increased absenteeism. In rare cases, bullying may incite children to harm themselves or others.
What can parents and teachers do to prevent bullying?
1. Be aware of the signs that your child may be being bullied. These include the symptoms above as well as unexplained injuries, missing clothing, toys or other items.
2. Learn as much as you can about your child’s friendships and social interactions. Children with intellectual or developmental disabilities may misunderstand social cues and may not recognize when they are being mistreated.
3. If you suspect that someone is bullying your child, speak with the teacher and ask that the situation be dealt with as soon as possible.
4. If the teacher is unable to remedy the situation, contact the school principal. Make sure to keep notes on what you observe, what your child has communicated and how the school responds.
5. Request a meeting of the school’s IEP or 504 teams to discuss incidents of bullying and to ensure that the school is living up to its responsibilities to protect your child. You can also request counseling to address your child’s bully-related symptoms during the meeting.
6. Work with your child’s school to encourage a community-wide effort to create a healthier school climate. Bullying prevention programs such as the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program or social emotional learning programs such as Second Step and Leader in Me are popular choices. According to the United States Department of Education, “creating a supportive school climate is the most important step in preventing harassment.”